In-Text+Citations


 * Online Resource for In-Text Citations and MLA **

https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/mla/in-text


 * In-Text Citations **

You must document (give credit to the source) for every piece of information you use whether you put it into your own words through summarizing and paraphrasing or use a direct quotation. Just listing your source on a works cited page is not enough.

Your in-text citation will correspond with an entry in your Works Cited page.
 * Basic In-Text Citation Rules **

**Citation from works cited page:** Burke, Kenneth. // Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method //. Berkeley: U of California P, 1966.
 * Author and Page Number**
 * In text citation: ** Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).

NOTE: PDF articles have page numbers.

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author’s name. Place the title in quotation marks if it is a short work or italicize it if it is a longer work. **In text citation:** Steinbeck **"** came to know well the Mexican-American workers alongside whom he labored" ("Biography" 13).
 * No Known Author with Page Number**
 * Citation from works cited page: ** "Biography of John Steinbeck." // Critical Insights: John Steinbeck //, Oct. 2010, pp. -14. //EBSCOhost//, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lfh&AN=57450620&site=Irc-live.

NOTE: PDF articles have page numbers.


 * Author and No Known Page Number **
 * Citation from works cited page: ** Means, Richard. "Ernest Hemingway." //Ernest Hemingway//, 8/1/2017, pp. 1-3. //EBSCOhost//, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lfh&AN=15314425&site=Irc-live.
 * In text citation:** Ernest Hemingway was a reporter, author, soldier, and sportsman (Means).


 * No Known Author and Page Number**


 * Citation from works cited page: ** The National WWII Museum: New Orleans. "Allies and Axis: Who’s Who in WWII?" //The National WWII Museum: New Orleans//, 14 Dec. 2011, www.nww2m.com/2011/12/allies-and-axis-whos-who-in-wwii/. Accessed 7 Aug. 2017.
 * In text citation: ** The WWII allies were the United States, Great Britain, France and Soviet Union ("Allies").

To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon:
 * Multiple Citations **
 * ...as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21). **

Common sense and ethics should determine your need for documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known quotations or common knowledge. Remember, this is a rhetorical choice, based on audience. If you are writing for an expert audience of a scholarly journal, the readers will have different expectations of what constitutes common knowledge.
 * When Citation is not Needed **